
Wars have historically transformed agriculture. From the World War II to the Russia-Ukraine War, conflicts have repeatedly disrupted food production, fertiliser supply chains, labour availability, fuel prices and global grain markets. However, modern wars affect agriculture differently from earlier centuries because farming today depends heavily on: The Russia–Ukraine conflict alone disrupted nearly 30% of global…

Across the world, Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) form the backbone of economic activity. In India alone, MSMEs contribute nearly 30% of GDP, around 45% of exports, and support employment for millions across manufacturing, services, logistics, retail and digital sectors. Yet despite their importance, the single largest reason MSMEs fail is rarely poor products…

Wars are often analysed through their political and human consequences, but their economic aftereffects are equally transformative. When conflicts end, economies do not simply return to their pre-war state; instead, they undergo structural reconfiguration shaped by destruction, reconstruction, institutional change, and shifts in global power. From the devastation of the World War I and World…

Migration has always been a part of human history, but wars transform migration from choice into compulsion. When conflict breaks out, movement is no longer about opportunity it becomes about survival. Today, the scale of forced migration is unprecedented. As per the latest estimates by the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, over 120 million…

The global defence industry is entering a new phase. For three decades after the Cold War, many countries treated defence as a necessary but controlled public expenditure. That assumption has changed. Continuous geopolitical tensions, the Russia–Ukraine war, conflict in West Asia, instability in the Indo-Pacific, cyber warfare, drone warfare, and supply-chain weaponisation have pushed governments…

The maritime economy is no longer only about ships and ports. It is the economic system built around oceans, coasts, shipping lanes, ports, fisheries, offshore energy, shipbuilding, marine tourism, maritime finance, naval logistics, and increasingly offshore wind, seabed cables, marine data, and blue carbon. The OECD defines the ocean economy as activities that take place…

Wars are geopolitical events, but their economic consequences are deeply local. They reach factory floors, disrupt small workshops, delay shipments, and strain cash flows, long before they appear in macroeconomic data. For Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs), these disruptions are not abstract risks but immediate operational challenges. Globally, MSMEs account for over 90% of…

When discussions turn to “countries that recycle the most,” claims often collapse under scrutiny. Recycling rates vary by material, measurement standards differ, and headline numbers can be misleading. Yet, there is one claim that stands up to sustained examination: South Korea is among the world’s best examples of near-comprehensive food-waste separation and recycling, supported by…