13 December 2025
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Japan’s Social Security and Long-Term Care Policy: A PESTEL Perspective
Japan’s story of ageing is not just demographic it is deeply political, economic, and social. With life expectancy among the highest in the world and nearly 29.4% of its citizens aged 65 or above, Japan has become a “super-ageing society.” According to Arai & Ouchi (2015), this transformation defines every aspect of its social policy.…